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1 φθίω
φθίω, ἔφθιον, each once in Hom. (v. infr. 1.2), the common [tense] pres. being [full] φθίνω, Od.5.161, al. (also [full] φθινύθω, q. v.): [tense] impf.Aἔφθῐνον Hdt.3.29
, Pl.Ti. 77a: [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. φθ (ε) ίσω, e)/fq (e) ισα and ἔφθῐσα (v. infr. 11): [tense] pf. ἔφθῐκα v. l. in Dsc.Praef.6 (cf. φθινάω), ([etym.] ἀπ-) Them.Or.28.341d:—[voice] Med. and [voice] Pass. (in same sense), [tense] fut. φθίσομαι (leg. φθείσομαι, in view of φθείσω, v. infr. 11) Il.11.821 ( φθειται PGen. (ii B. C.)), 19.329, 24.86 (v.l.), Od.13.384: [tense] aor. 1 φθίσασθαι ([etym.] ἀπο-) Q.S. 14.545: [ per.] 3pl. [tense] aor. [voice] Pass. ἔφθῐθεν, v. ἀποφθίνω: [tense] aor. 2ἐφθίμην, ἔφθῐσο A.Th. 971
(lyr.);ἔφθῐτο Il.18.100
, Thgn.1141 (nisi leg. ἔφθιται), A.Eu. 458, S.OT 962, E.Alc. 414 (lyr.); [ per.] 3pl.ἐφθίατο Il.1.251
; imper. [ per.] 3sg. φθίσθω ([etym.] ἀπο-) 8.429; [dialect] Ep. subj.φθίεται 20.173
,φθιόμεσθα 14.87
; opt. φθίμην ([etym.] ἀπο-) Od.10.51, φθῖτο ([etym.] φθῖτ') 11.330 (the v.l. φθεῖτ' is incorrect); inf.φθίσθαι Il.9.246
, 13.667, Od.14.117, 15.354, ([etym.] κατα-) 2.183 (always with incorrect v. l. φθεῖσθαι); part. φθίμενος, v. infr. 1.2: rare in [tense] pf.,ἔφθιται Od.20.340
, [ per.] 3pl.ἐξ-έφθινται A.Pers. 679
(lyr.). [Hom. has [pron. full] ῑ in φθίῃς (infr.1.2), [pron. full] ῐ in ἔφθιεν (infr.), φθιόμεσθα, φθίεται: [pron. full] ῑ always in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. φθίσω, φθίσομαι, ἔφθισα (sed v. infr. 11), cf. φθῑσήνωρ, φθῑσίμβροτος (qq. v.): [pron. full] ῐ always in [tense] aor. and [tense] pf. [voice] Pass. (v. supr.), exc. in opt. (v. supr.):—Hom. also uses [pron. full] ῑ in φθίνω (prob. fr. Φθῐ-νϝω, cf. φθίνυθω ) whereas [pron. full] ῐ always in φθῐνω in Pi. and Trag., who use [pron. full] ῐ even in ἔφθισα, v. infr. 11.] (Cf. ψίνω, ψινάς, ψίσις: φθῐ- and ψῐ- correspond to Skt. k[snull ]i-, [tense] pres. k[snull ]iṇā´ti, k[snull ]iṇóti, 'he destroys', [voice] Pass. K[snull ][imacracute]yante 'they perish', ák[snull ]itas ( = ἄφθιτος) 'imperishable', [tense] fut. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]ya- ( = φθεισο-), [tense] aor. stem k[snull ]e[snull ]- (= φθεις-).)I decay, wane, of Time, πρίν κεν νὺξ φθῖτο (opt. [tense] aor. ) first would the night be come to an end, Od.11.330:τῆς νῦν φθιμένης νυκτός S.Aj. 141
(anap.); in this sense mostly in [tense] pres. φθίνω, φθίνουσιν νύκτες τε καὶ ἤματα they wane or pass away, Od.11.183, etc.; μηδέ τοι αἰὼν φθινέτω let not thy life be wasted, 5.161: esp.b of the moon, wane, [σελήνη] αὐξανομένη καὶ φθίνουσα Arist.Cael. 291b20
; hence, in monthly reckoning, μηνῶν φθινόντων in the moon's wane, i.e. towards the month's end, 10.470, etc.; later, μὴν φθίνων, the last decad, IG12.298.17, 328.13, Th.5.54, etc.; opp. ἱστάμενος (ἵστημι B. 111.4
), μεσῶν, but in Hom., the second half of the month ([etym.] τοῦ μὲν φθίνοντος μηνός, τοῦ δ' ἱσταμένοιο), Od.14.162, 19.307.c of the stars, decline, set, A.Ag.7 (prob. interpol.).2 of persons, waste away, pine, perish,ὥς κε δόλῳ φθίῃς Od.2.368
(perh. [tense] aor. subj. with [pron. full] ῑ metri grat.); ἤτοι ὁ τῆς ἀχέων φρένας ἔφθιεν was wasting away in mind, Il.18.446 (perh. trans., causing his heart to pine; prob. [tense] impf., but possibly [tense] aor.);φθίνει καὶ μαραίνεται νόσῳ E.Alc. 203
; ; οἱ φθίνοντες consumptive people, Hp.Aph.3.10, cf. Epid.1.24.b of life, strength, etc.,οὐ φθίνει ἀρετά Pi.P.1.94
;φθίνει μὲν ἰσχὺς γῆς φ. δὲ σώματος S.OC 610
, cf. OT 665 (lyr.);ὕβρις.. ἀνθεῖ τε καὶ πάλιν φ. Id.Fr. 786
;ἥβην τὴν μὲν ἕρπουσαν πρόσω, τὴν δὲ φθίνουσαν Id.Tr. 548
;τοῖς μὲν αὔξεται βίος, τῶν δὲ φθίνει E.Fr.415.5
, cf. Pl.Phd. 71b, Ti. 81b, etc.; c. dat. modi,πόλις φθίνουσα μὲν κάλυξιν.., φθίνουσα δ' ἀγέλαις S.OT25
; of things, fade away, disappear,ἐδεστὸν ἐξ αὑτοῦ φ. καὶ ψῇ Id.Tr. 677
;τὸ σῶμα φθίνει Hp.Loc.Hom.24
; metaph., (lyr.), cf. Ant. 1013:—[voice] Pass.,αὐτὸς φθίεται Il.20.173
, cf. 14.87; more freq. in [tense] fut. and [tense] aor., ἤδη φθ<ε> ίσονται 11.821, cf. 19.329, Od.13.384;τηλόθι πάτρης ἔφθιτο Il.18.100
; ;νούσῳ ὑπ' ἀργαλέῃ φθίσθαι 13.667
; ; πρὸς φίλου ἔφθισο wast slain by.., A.Th. 971 (lyr.), cf. E.Med. 1414 (anap.): freq. in part. φθίμενος, slain, dead, Od.11.558, al.;χερσὶν ὑπ' Ἀργείων φθίμενος Il.8.359
;ἐν πολέμῳ φθίμενον IG12
. 976; φθίμενοι the dead,φθιμένοισι μετείην Od.24.436
; πενθήσει βασιλῆ φ. Orac. ap. Hdt.7.220, cf. Euph.21;φθιμένων ζῳῶν τε φωτῶν Pi.I. 4(3).10(28)
, cf. B.5.83;φθιμένοισιν A.Th. 732
(lyr.); , cf. Ant. 836 (anap.);μηδέτιν' εἰπεῖν.. φθιμένων E.Hec. 137
(anap.): less freq. c. Art. (cf. φθιτός), τὸν φθίμενον A.Th. 336
(lyr., codd.);τῶν φ. Id.Ag. 1023
(lyr.);τῶν πρότερον φ. Id.Ch. 403
(anap.); φ. δέμας, σῶμα, mortal, IG9(1).882.9,12 (Corc.); Φθιμένη Perishing, personified as a goddess,Φυσώ τε Φ. τε Emp. 123.1
: rare in Prose,τοῖς φθιμένοις X.Cyr.8.7.18
.II Causal, in [tense] fut. φθ (ε) ίσω, [tense] aor. 1 ἔφθ (ε) ισα (usu. written φθίσω, ἔφθισα in codd., but correctly φθεισαν (Od.20.67 ) in PHib.1.23 (iii B. C.), φθείσει (Il.6.407) in cod. A and Et.Gen.cod.B (Miller Mélanges 300)), cause to decay or pine away, consume, destroy,φθ (ε) ίσει σε τὸ σὸν μένος Il.6.407
; τὸν Πάτροκλος ἔμελλε φθ (ε) ίσειν 16.461, cf. 22.61; ; ; τόν ἔθελον φθ (ε) ῖσαι ib. 428;τοκῆας.. φθ (ε) ῖσαν θεοί 20.67
: rare in Trag. (only lyr., and in the form ἔφθῐσα), Μοίρας φθίσας A.Eu. 173
;τὸν.. ὑπὸ σῷ φθίσον κεραυνῷ S.OT 202
; ap. D.L.8.23; νῦν σε μοῖρα.. φθίνει, φθίνει dub. in S.El. 1414 (lyr., fort. σοι). -
2 σήπω
σήπω (Hom. et al.; pap, LXX; Ath. 36, 2. Act. ‘cause to rot/decay’, pass. ‘rot’) 1 aor. impv. 2 sg. σῆψον Job 40:12; 2 pf. σέσηπα, ptc. n. σεσηπός. Pass.: 2 fut. 3 sg. σαπήσεται Ezk 17:9; 2 aor. 3 pl ἐσάπησαν LXX; pf. 3 sg. σέσηπται (TestJob 43:7). The pf. act. ‘make rotten’ as a rule is used outside our lit. (Hom. et al.) intransitively like the pass. in the sense ‘decay’, and in our lit. exclusively so. Decay, rot (TestJob 43:7; Philo, Aet. M. 125; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 143), 2 pf. act. be decayed ξύλον σεσηπός rotten wood Dg 2:2. σηπομένης τῆς σαρκός as the flesh decays 1 Cl 25:3 (Cyranides p. 7, 21 ἐσέσηπτο ἡ σάρξ; Jos., Bell. 6, 164 σηπόμενον σῶμα). ὅπου … Ἱερόνυμος ἐκ τοῦ ὠτίου ἐσήπετο where … Hieronymus was suffering an aural discharge AcPl Ha 5, 23. οὐ πάντα σηπόμενα; Dg 2:4. Of a vine creeping along on the ground: σεσηπότα φέρειν bear rotten fruit Hs 2:3. Of the treasures of the rich Js 5:2.—DELG s.v. σήπομαι. M-M. TW. -
3 τήκω
+ V 5-4-13-13-16=51 Ex 15,15; 16,21; Lv 26,39; Dt 28,65; 32,24A: to melt [τι] Ps 147,7(18); to consume (the flesh) [τι] (of smiths by the furnace) Sir 38,28; id. (as torture) 4 Mc 15,15; to cause to melt and disappear, to bring to naught [τι] Na 1,6; to waste away [intrans.] Jb 7,5M/P: to melt Ex 16,21; to thaw (of snow and the like) Wis 16,22; to be dissolved (of the earth) Ps 74(75),4; to be consumed (of bonds) JgsB 15,14; to melt away, to dissolve in fear (of people) Ex 15,15; to fail (of ideas) Jos 5,1τηκομένην ψυχήν a wasting soul, a soul without courage Dt 28,65*Is 24,23 καὶ τακήσεταιand (brick) shall decay-פור ( to destroy) for MT וחפרה and (the moon) shall be abashed, see πλίνθος; *Jer 6,29 οὐκ ἐτάκησαν (their wicked-nesses) are not melted away-נתכו לא נתך? for MT נתקו לא נתק (the wicked) are not removedCf. BARR 1985, 43-44; MARGOLIS, M. 1907 246-247.248; TOV 1979, 225; WEVERS 1990 233(Ex 15,15) -
4 πύθω
Aπύθεσκον A.R.4.1530
: [tense] fut.πύσω Il.4.174
: [tense] aor. ἔπῡσα ([etym.] κατ-) h.Ap. 371, [dialect] Ep. πῦσα ib. 374 (but πύσε [ῠ] Call.Fr. 313): —[voice] Pass., only used in [tense] pres. and [tense] impf.:— cause to rot,σέο δ' ὀστέα πύσει ἄρουρα Il.4.174
; σέ γ' αὐτοῦ πύσει γαῖα h.Ap.369; αὐτοῦ πῦσε πέλωρ μένος Ἠελίοιο ib.374, cf. Hes.Op. 626:—[voice] Pass., become rotten, decay, moulder,ὁ δέ θ' αἵματι γαῖαν ἐρεύθων πύθεται Il.11.395
;ὀστέα π. ὄμβρῳ Od.1.161
, cf. Hes.Sc. 153;ὀστεόφιν θὶς ἀνδρῶν πυθομένων Od.12.46
;πυθομένοισιν ἐφ' ἕλκεσι A.R.4.1405
; ἐπύθετό μοι ὁ ὀφθαλμός PSI4.299.5 (iii A.D.). (Cf. Skt. p[umacracute]yati 'putrefy', Lat. pūs, etc.) -
5 φθινύθω
1 trans., waste,φθινύθουσιν ἔδοντες οἶκον ἐμόν Od.1.250
;οἶνον δὲ φ. 14.95
; οἵ μευ φ. φίλον κῆρ cause it to pine away 10.485 (so perh. Il.1.491); ἵνα μηκέτ' ὀδυρομένη.. αἰῶνα φθινύθω waste my life, Od.18.204; in later [dialect] Ep.,μαψίδιον φ. πόνον Opp.C.4.186
.2 intr., waste away, decay, perish, of men,λαοὶ μὲν φ. περὶ πτόλιν Il.6.327
, cf. 21.466, Od.12.131;παυρότεροι.. φθίνυθον Il.17.364
; τούσδε ἔα φθινύθειν, as an imprecation, 2.346; alsoἄχεϊ φ. παρειαί Od.8.530
, cf. 16.145.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φθινύθω
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6 πύθω
πύθω, fut. πύσει, pass. pres. πύθεται: cause to rot, pass., rot, decay.A Homeric dictionary (Greek-English) (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ομηρικό λεξικό) > πύθω
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7 πύθομαι
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `to putrify, to decay' (Il.).Other forms: only pres.stem except καταπέπυθα κατερρύηκα H.; πύθω, fut. πύσω, aor. πῦσαι ( πύσαι Call.) `cause to rot', both also with κατα- (Il.; on the date of the attestations Wackernagel Unt. 133).Derivatives: Besides πύον, πύος n. `purulence' (Hp., Arist.); as 2. member in σαρκό-πυον n. `the festering of flesh' with - πυώδης (Hp.); adj., e.g. ἔμ-πυος `festering, full of festering ulcers' (Hp., Att.) with ἐμπυό-ομαι `to fester' (Hp.). πυθεδόνες pl. f. `festering ulcers' (hell.; after σηπεδών a.o.). Denominatives w. prefix: ἐκ-, ἐμ-, ἀπο-, δια-πυ-έω (- έομαι), - ίσκομαι (late - ίσκω) `to fester' with - πύ-ησις, - ημα, - ηματικός, - ητικός, - ικός (Hp. a. other medic.); late simplicia: πύ-ησις, - ητικός (Aret., Gal.).Etymology: Beside the θ-enlargement in πύ̄-θομαι, - θω ( βρί-θω, πλή-θω a.o.; Schwyzer 703), which can also be supposed for πύσω, πῦσαι, Sankrit has a yot-present pū́-ya-ti `rot' with the backformation pū́ya- m. n. `festering, pus' (so not identical with πύον), in Balt. a nasalpresent pū-nù and pū-vù (i.e. pų-vù) `id.', in Germ. an isolated ptc. OWNo. fūinn `rotten'. On an unenlarged primary verb go back also the nouns πύον, πύος, which have their closest agreements in Arm. hu, gen. hu-oy (o-st.) `festering blood' and Lat. pūs n. (from *puu̯os or *peu̯os?). Of the very frequent representatives of this goup, which may have its point of departure in an interjection pu `pfui', we mention only Lat. pūteō `rot', pŭter, - tris, - tre `rot', Germ., e.g. Goth. fūls ' rot'; further forms w. rich lit. in WP. 2, 82, Pok. 848f., W.-Hofmann s. pūs, Fraenkel s. pū́ti, Mayrhofer s. pū́yati. To be rejected Specht Sprache 1, 46 (: with `pure' in Lat. pūrus etc. identical). -- Here also 2. πυός `beestings'; s. v.Page in Frisk: 2,621-622Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πύθομαι
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8 διαλύω
διαλύω fut. διαλύσω LXX; 1 aor. διέλυσε 4 Macc 14:10. Mid.: pf. ptc. διαλελυμένος (Ath. 37, 1). Pass.: fut. 3 sg. διαλυθήσεται Sir 22:16; 1 aor. διελύθην; pf. 3 sg. διαλέλυται Job 13:17 (s. διάλυσις; Eur., Hdt. et al.; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 4:9; TestJos 15:3; JosAs 27:8; Philo, Joseph., Just., Ath.)① to break up into elements, break up, dissolve, pass. with act. force.ⓐ of a seed break down, decay 1 Cl 24:5.ⓑ of a ship’s stern break up Ac 27:41 v.l.② to put an end to someth., destroy fig. ext. of 1 (Philo, Aet. M. 36 δεσμόν; Just., A I, 43, 1 [resolve an intellectual problem by offering appropriate explanation]; Ath. 11:2 τὰς ἀμφιβολίας) δ. στραγγαλιάς loose the entanglements B 3:3 (Is 58:6; w. λύω); destroy, put an end to (UPZ 19, 21 [163 B.C.] τῷ λιμῷ διαλυθῆναι; 11, 27 [160 B.C.]; PsSol 4:9; ApcrEzk P 1 recto 7f [Denis p. 125]; Jos., Ant. 14, 284) τὶ someth. (SIG 1268 II, 22 [III B.C.] ἔχθραν) λογισμοὺς ἐθνῶν 1 Cl 59:3.③ to cause a group to be broken up, disperse, scatter, fig. ext. of 1, of a crowd (Hdt. 8, 11 al. ‘disperse’): pass. in act. sense (Appian, Iber. 42 §172 διελύθησαν [people] scattered; BGU 1012, 12 [II B.C.] διαλυθῆναι αὐτά sc. τὰ πρόβατα; Jos., Ant. 20, 124) Ac 5:36 (Appian, Mithrid. 19 §75 διελύθησαν of military forces; likewise 90 §412; Ath. R. 59, 14 τῶν διαλυθέντων σωμάτων).—M-M. TW. -
9 φθορά
φθορά, ᾶς, ἡ (Aeschyl., Hdt.+; ins, pap, LXX, En; PsSol 4:6; SibOr 2, 9; Philo; Jos., Ant. 18, 373; Mel., P. 49, 351; Ath., R. 16 p. 67, 24 al.)① breakdown of organic matter, dissolution, deterioration, corruption, in the world of nature (Galen, In Hippocr. De Natura Hominis Comm. 45 p. 25, 6 Mewaldt γένεσις κ. φθορά=coming into being and passing away; 51 p. 28, 11 γένεσις κ. φθορὰ σώματος.—The cause of destruction is made clear by an addition. Cp. Plut., Artox. 1019 [16, 6] concerning Mithridates, who was allowed to decompose while he was still alive: εὐλαὶ κ. σκώληκες ὑπὸ φθορᾶς κ. σηπεδόνος ἀναζέουσιν=maggots and worms swarmed as a result of the destruction and putrefaction [of his body]) τροφὴ φθορᾶς perishable food IRo 7:3. ἅ ἐστιν πάντα εἰς φθορὰν τῇ ἀποχρήσει all of which are meant for destruction by being consumed Col 2:22. Of animals who are destined to be killed 2 Pt 2:12a (X., Cyr. 7, 5, 64; Artem. 1, 78 p. 74, 27.—Schol. on Nicander, Ther. 795 explains κακόφθορα by saying that it designates animals τὰ ἐπὶ κακῇ φθορᾷ τεχθέντα=born to come to an evil end, i.e. destruction).—Of the state of being perishable (opp. ἀφθαρσία as Philo, Mos. 2, 194; Mel., Ath.) 1 Cor 15:42; also concrete, that which is perishable vs. 50. ἡ δουλεία τῆς φθορᾶς slavery to decay Ro 8:21. [ἀπ]ὸ φθορᾶς γεγ[ονός] that which comes from the perishable Ox 1081 13f (=Coptic SJCh 89, 11f; the restoration φθορᾶς pap ln. 12 also corresponds to the Coptic version; for the correct restoration of pap ln. 23 s. under διαφορά).② destruction of a fetus, abortion (cp. SIG 1042, 7 [II/III A.D.] φθορά=miscarriage [which makes the mother unclean for 40 days] and φθόριον=a means of producing abortion) οὐ φονεύσεις ἐν φθορᾷ B 19:5; D 2:2.—On the topic of abortion s. Soranus, Gyn. 64f (procedures); Plut., Mor. 242c (διαφθείρω); SDickison, Abortion in Antiquity: Arethusa 6, ’73, 159–66.③ ruination of a pers. through an immoral act, seduction of a young woman (Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 1, 9 Jac.; Diod S 3, 59, 1; 5, 62, 1; Plut., Mor. 712c; Jos., Ant. 17, 309, C. Ap. 2, 202) w. μοιχεία (Philo, Det. Pot. Ins. 102) 2 Cl 6:4.④ inward depravity, depravity (Ex 18:18; Mi 2:10) ἡ ἐν τῷ κόσμῳ ἐν ἐπιθυμίᾳ φθορά the depravity that exists in the world because of inordinate desire (opp. θεία φύσις) 2 Pt 1:4. δοῦλοι τῆς φθορᾶς 2:19. Vs. 12b (s. 5 below) scarcely belongs here.⑤ total destruction of an entity, destruction in the last days Gal 6:8 (opp. ζωὴ αἰώνιος). ἐν τῇ φθορᾷ αὐτῶν καὶ φθαρήσονται when they (the dumb animals) are destroyed in the coming end of the world, these (the false teachers), too, will be destroyed (so BWeiss, Kühl, JMayor, Windisch, Knopf, Vrede) 2 Pt 2:12b.—DELG s.v. θείρω. M-M. TW. Sv.
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